Example research essay topic: The U K Promotes And Harmonizes International Trade - 1,272 words

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The U. K. promotes and harmonizes international trade Hypothesis: The United Kingdom promotes and harmonizes international trade, as a primary venue for international commercial arbitration. Research Aim: To analyze and asses the role of the U. K in resolving international commercial disputes through arbitration Objectives: Analyze the impact of U. K.

commercial law on international arbitration Explain how U. K. commercial law meets the needs of international trade through its arbitration process Asses how the U. K.

harmonizes commercial law through its importation of international instruments of law To show how the U. K responds to the needs of the international commercial community by providing a mechanism for dispute resolution through arbitration Introduction: Every year in the U. K. , approximately 40 % of international arbitration cases are related to foreign parties. For some reason these parties choose to arbitrate in the United Kingdom, using a U.

K. forum and mechanism to archive a viable settlement. The U. K. offers a suitable structure, climate and environment for dispute settlement for international buyers and sellers, in so doing the U. K.

helps to facilitate trade by meeting the needs of the international community through the provision of an acceptable and enforceable arbitration process. English law is highly regarded in the international community. What is international commercial arbitration? Arbitration can be said to contain the following advantages; confidentiality and privacy, informality of the proceedings, lower costs, efficiency, technical specialty and finality which could be enforced by the courts. International arbitration gets its meaning in an English court by simply involving parties from different countries, a case conducted in a different country or one conducted in the U.

K. but subject to a chosen foreign law. Legislation UK Arbitration Act 1996 UNCITRAL Model Law on International trade 1998 United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York, 10 June 1958) EU measures (Regulations, Directives) (Council Regulation 44 / 2001, Lugano and Rome) UK membership of International organizations, conventions, conferences and committees. Research Methodology: Case study Critical thinking Literature review of U. K. commercial arbitration process Analysis of U.

K. commercial law on topic Interpretation of the Law Relevant cases to support argument Impact of topic area to the overall title Data collection methods: Books Journal articles Statutes International law and conventions Electronic sources Body: U. K. contribution to international commercial arbitration by providing a framework for commercial dispute resolution Meeting the legal needs of the international business community through harmonization of international commercial legislation The U. K.

as a venue for dispute resolution Ratification of international code of practice, conduct, conventions and legislations relating to arbitration U. K. contribution to settlements, arbitrary awards, recognition and enforcement Argument: U. K. commercial law sets a precedent for emulation by other nations. The worldwide common law system which owes its origins to the UK is very popular and has been adopted by many countries.

UK commercial law continues to serve as an instrument for trade. Its Alternative Dispute resolution (ADR) (arbitration) legislations and mechanism continues to provide relief for many in the national and international business community. UK contributes to international trade by providing a framework and haven for facilitating dispute resolution Points: Why UK law is most sought after for contracting Parties in case of dispute Why is UK as a choice attractive? Long list of arbitration rules, e. g. UK arbitrations act, UNCITRAL, E.

T. C. AND SHOULD REFER TO ONE OR TWO AS PART OF ANALYSIS. OR SPECIFIC ISSUES AND CONSIDER HOW EACH LAW ADDRESSES OR IGNORES.

PRESENT A CLEAR CASE FOR HOW UK RESPONDS THROUGH THE LAW, E. G ENFORCEMENT OF ARBITRARY AWARDS, APPEAL OR OTHERWISE. Why 40 % of commercial dispute cases heard in the UK every year are related to foreign subjects? Conclusion: Relating to hypothesis Summary of main points and arguments Jan Major has when up t ne central truth. The British tax system, under successive Conservative chancellor, has become the mst persistently hostile t families f any me state.

The Chancellor subsidizes saving by feeling tax alliances n Peps and persons; companies with print-related pay schemes, r partnerships f accountants and lawyers ebay tax relief wrth billing. But the citizens wh reduce the nation, wh bring up the future wage-earners and taxpayers - ur mst previous national asset - are treated with disdain by the Treasury. There are varius policy approaches that can tackle this problem. Like a jackdaw Major has selected just ne: a proposal t all married couples t transfer the tax alliance f a nn-working space (also inevitably the mother) t give the man a higher threshold before he starts paying tax. (Mac Shane) This proposal is very expensive: [pounds] 3. 4 billion, according t parliamentary replies I received frm the Treasury last month. That would pay fr 40 hospitals r put 60, 000 extra teachers int the classrm. It will be bitterly resented by all the when wh d nt have high-earning husbands and wh have t wrk t raise household income t a tolerable level.

The Prime Minister has als sale a theme that, after years f neglect, has started t be taken seriously n the left. The Blair himself has put the tw-parent family back int politics, while Labs Social Justice Commission urged a fresh lk at the fiscal plight f the family. Yet when Peter Mandelsn and Rger Liddle proposed a most pr-marriage tax break last year they were rubbished by the Spectator and Daily Telegraph. (Mac Shane) In mst European countries, families pay tax at a much higher threshold. In Britain it is the individual, nt the family, wh cunts. The 1990 s has been marked by increasing fiscal favoritism fr single earners. In 1990 the starting pint at which tax became payable fr a married couple r line parent was [pounds] 4, 275.

In 1997 - 98 it will be [pounds] 5, 410 - an increase f [pounds] 690 r 14. 6 per cent. The single persons starting pint has increased frm [pounds] 3, 005 t [pounds] 4, 045, equivalent t an increase f 35. 6 per cent. (Mac Shane) This exaltation f the individual at the expense f the family has been structured int the tax system. We are nw paying a price. ne in three children is brn upside marriage and ne in five lives in a hme where the natural father is absent. We have the highest divorce rate in Europe, 25 per cent higher than Sweden, 60 per cent higher than France, Germany and Hand, and mre than fur times the rate in Catholic southern Europe. Sme blame the left-liberal mres f the sixties fr this decline in stable families; ther's the contraception-austin revolution.

Yet the rest f Europe als went through the rejection f authoritarian societal nrm's in the sixties and seventies. S hw is it that across the Channel family life appears t be much stronger? Also uniquely in Britain tw anti-family currents covered t frm a trent that swept all before it. The lefts hostility t the family dates back t the 19 th century, when Marx's c-author, Engels, with a famous denunciation.

It had the effect f dumping the family in a cul-de-sac where it has been trapped fr far t lng. In fact, the family in which the weak are helped and the strong put in their place, in which values f sharing, collective endeavor and community are bigotry unit t be seen as reflecting, nt rejecting, and ld-fashioned socialist ideals. The send, mre important, trend was the protein f the cult f the individual at the expense f the community by the Conservatives since 1979. W

Research essay sample on The U K Promotes And Harmonizes International Trade